Chapter 2 Flashcards

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Aspirational standard

Definition

A statement in an ethics code that discusses actions that its followers hope to uphold. They represent the highest ideals and are oppositive of minimum standards which should always be upheld.

Bok, Sissela

Definition

An ethics philosopher known for books about lying, secrets, and happiness. Her justification model for truth telling implies that there may be times when not speaking the truth may be ethically justified.

Justification models

Definition

Ethics formulas or decision trees that are to be followed to their logical conclusions. Some examples are Rotary International’s four questions, Bok’s test of lying, TARES, SPJ’s ten questions, the Potter Box, and the “5Ws & H.”

Minimal standard

Definition

A statement in an ethics code that discusses an action that should always be upheld. It is the opposite of an aspirational standard.

Potter Box

Definition

A justification model designed by Dr. Ralph Potter that lays out moral reasoning. It is a series of logical steps to be taken by conscientious people: define the ethical situation, identify values, inject moral philosophy, and choose to whom one is ultimately loyal.

TARES test

Definition

Model used in public relations and advertising ethics that makes people ask and answer five questions about the appropriateness of truthfulness of the claims made by the persuader, authenticity of the persuader, respect for the persuadee’s rights, equity of the persuasive appeal, and social responsibility for the wider public interest rather than self-interest. Source: Philpapers

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Dr. Chris Roberts

Associate Professor